pronikání molekul rozpouštědla z méně koncentrovaného roztoku do roztoku koncentrovanějšího
outcome /'aut.kAm/ výsledek, výsledek
čeho, jak věc dopadne, závěr
palliative /'pael.i.s.tiv/ paliativní, utišující,
bolest zmírňující
peers /pisrz/ vrstevníci
permissible /pg'mis.a.bl/ přípustný,
dovolený
permit /ps'mit/ povolit, dovolit pooling /pu:l.irj/ nahromadění krve nebo jiné tekutiny, nahromadění krve je následkem dilatace a zastavení oběhu v kapilárách a žilách v oblasti possession /ps'zef.an/ majetek, vlastnictví posttraumatic /.psust.tn^maet.ik/ posttraumatický, poúrazový precede /pn'siid/ předcházet časově preserve /pn'z3iv/ zachovat, uchovat rape /reip/ znásilnit, znásilnění reasonable /'rii.zBn.a.bj / přijatelný, rozumný
refusal /n'fjuizsl/ odmítnutí
regional /'rii.djan.sl/ regionální, týkající se
dané oblasti
right / rait/ právo
scope /skaup/ rozsah
solvent /'scl.vsnt/ ředidlo, rozpouštědlo
Spouse /spaos/ choť, manžel/ka
standing /staend.irj/ order /'aids/ trvalý
příkaz
statute /'staetjuit/ zákon, předpis steady /'sted.i/ stálý survivor /ss'vai.vsr/ přeživší, pozůstalý take /teik/ time /taim/ trvat, věnovat čas turn out /'t3:n,aut/ zahnout ven, naruby, projevit se
upgrade Mp'greid/ zlepšit, stoupnout, zvýšení
valid /'vEelid/ platný, oprávněný vent /vent/ ventilovat, otvor, průduch
Volume 2 Unit 1 1
You are called for a 55-year-old man who "suddenly collapsed." He is__________
Initial management of this patient's airway should include. - Insertion of an oropharyngeal airway and ventilation with bag-valve mask. * An apnoeic and pulse less patient is unlikely to have an intact gag reflex,
_____________an OPA to help control the
_____________A BVM will need at least 10
Lpm of oxygen flow in order to adequately _________the patient during ventilations.
oxygenate, apnoeic and pulse less, upper airway, necessitating
You respond to a college fraternity where you encounter a 1 9-year-old male with a partially obstructed airway. According to witnesses, he was eating pizza and
drinking beer when he began to________
____his throat. The patient is able to speak
in a_____________only, and he has been
coughing repeatedly for about 20 minutes. What is the best treatment for this
patient? - Remove the___________with
forceps.*
A conscious patient with a partial obstructed airway should be dealt with by
_________________and continuous
monitoring of patient status. Interventions like Heimlich manoeuvre are considered counterproductive, as they may actually
______the obstruction.
To perform a needle cricothyrotomy, you should place the patient: supine with head and neck hyperextended.*
A_____________________will place the
anatomical structure.
headache complaints, this is most likely
hoarse whisper, hyperextended position, worsen, identified, obstruction, cough and grab, encouraging coughing
Your patient is a 26-year-old male with a
midshaft_____________and no other
apparent injuries. The patient is_____and
oriented, and all vital signs are normal.
The best way to__________this fracture is
to use:
the PASG/MAST
a long spine board
a traction splint. *
a softly padded board In a stable patient, the PASG is unnecessary. The long board will not adequately immobilize this injury because
the muscles of the leg will_____and
_______the leg. A padded board may not
provide adequate traction to prevent
muscle spasms either, so the_______
______is the best choice.
shorten, immobilize, femur fracture, spasm, alert
A 16-year-old male complains of a fever, sore neck, nausea, vomiting, and headache. During transport, he begins to have a
_______. Which of the following would be
your most likely field impression?
_____ abscess
cerebral________
meningitis *
sepsis
While the other answers are possible, based upon the fever, vomiting, and
seizure, neoplasm, meningitis, Brain
Your patient is a 24-year-old female who shows signs and symptoms of pelvic
What is the goal of_______________
for this patient? - Make the patient as comfortable as possible and transport to the hospital. *
The goal of prehospital care for patients
with PID is to_______________There is no
need to perform a___________or ask any
questions regarding sexual contacts.
provide comfort, inflammatory disease, vaginalexam, prehospital care
You respond to a 22-year-old male who is
complaining of__________of chest pain.
The patient states that the pain________
and sharp and that it started when he
surfaced from a_________from 60 feet
(1 8.2 metres) down. The patient's diving
partner states that the patient________too
rapidly.
What is this patient most likely suffering from? - Pulmonary embolism. * A too rapid ascent from a scuba dive may result in a pulmonary embolism due to lung______________
What does treatment for this patient consist of? - IV, high-flow oxygen, and rapid transport to a recompression chamber. *
An IV, 1 00% oxygen via a nonrebreather
mask, and transport to a_____________
_______are essential for this patient.
- 152 -
- 153
Due to his rapid ascent, this patient may also be suffering from another diving related emergency: decompression sickness.*
Due to the_____of the dive and the rapid
ascent, this patient may also be suffering
from______________________
What is an additional possible problem associated with this injury? -Nitrogen bubbles entering tissue spaces and smaller blood vessels. *
scuba dive, rapid onset, is tearing, decompression sickness, cyanotic, depth, surfaced, overinflation, recompression chamber
7
Your patient is a 28-year-old diver who has been using scuba equipment. His diving partner states that he was unconscious when he surfaced after_____.
You should suspect: air embolism. *
___________presents as____________
_______(including unconsciousness) during
or after______from a dive, or as a sharp
pain in the chest.
Due to his rapid ascent, this patient
may also be_____________another diving
related emergency: decompression sickness. *
Due to the depth of the dive and the rapid ascent, this patient may also be suffering from decompression sickness.
What is an additional possible problem associated with this injury? -
Nitrogen bubbles entering____________
and smaller blood vessels.*
In this patient, nitrogen__________may
have entered tissue spaces and blood vessels.
a dive, tissue spaces, Air embolism, ascent, suffering from, gas bubbles, neurological deficit _
8
This statement about care of a near-drowning ______is correct: The patient
should be admitted to the hospital for observation.*
Due to the chance of post event pulmonary
oedema, all___-________victims should
be admitted to the hospital for-----------.
victim, near-drowning, observation
9
Your patient is a 23-year-old man who complains of abdominal pain. The patient
states that the pain began________and
was originally located only in the area
around the__________Now, however, it has
moved to the__________quadrant. The
patient also complains of nausea and vomiting, and he has a fever of 102 °F (38.8 °C). Examination displays rebound
What would you suspect? ■ Apendicitis. *
tenderness, right lower, suddenly, umbilicus
10
A patient suspected of having an---------
aortic aneurysm will receive oxygen, an IV, ECG monitoring, and rapid transport as part of his or her treatment.
What else should you do when
treating such a patient?_____the
PASG/MAST garment. *
Treat the patient for shock and transport
rapidly. Do not_______the abdomen. This
is one of the few medical conditions that may still benefit from the use of PASG/MAST as the garment may
tamponade any________that may be
occuring.___________which stimulate the
cardiovascular system should be avoided.
Medications, bleeding, palpate, Apply, abdominal
11
A 42-year-old male complains of sudden,
intense pain that is centered in his_____
_____He is____,____, and diaphoretic,
especially_____the level of his umbilicus.
He is tachycardic and hypotensive.
What condition best describes the patient presentation? - Abdominal aortic aneurysm. *
The abdominal aorta is located in the
_____-__________space. A sudden____of
pressure due to an aortic aneurysm will result in loss of perfusion below the site of injury.
lower back, below, pale, cool, retroperitoneal, loss
12
You are called to the home of a 36-year-old man who is having a seizure. His wife
reports that he has not taken his "_______
___" lately and that he has now had three
seizures in a row without_________
--------------You have_______the airway
and are now ventilating with the_________
What should you do next? - Begin an IV, monitor cardiac rhythm, and administer diazepam. *
For a patient in_________________,
treatment consists of establishing an IV, monitoring cardiac rhythm, and administering diazepam to stop the seizures.
Status epilepticus, seizure pills, regaining consciousness, bag valve mask, secured
13
What is the primary reason that diazepam is given to a seizure patient?
to suppress the spread of electrical activity in the brain and relax muscles. * Although diazepam (Valium) does reduce
_______, it is given to seizure patients to
suppress the spread of__________________
through the brain as well as to_____
anxiety, relax muscles, electrical activity
14
A 52-year-old male has been ejected from a car. He is apnoeic, with a slow pulse
palpated at the______________
What procedure would best manage this patient's airway? - Ventilate with the bag-valve mask and attach to high-flow oxygen. *
This patient needs immediate___________
_______________Using a bag-valve mask
______this task most effectively.
will .
accomplish, oxygenation and ventilation, femoral artery
15
Your patient is a 27-year-old male who is found unconscious on a bathroom floor.
He is not breathing, has______________,
and has a fresh________wound to his right
— 1S4 —
- 155 -
forearm. He has .
. that form a     1 7
bluish streak over the veins on the backs on both hands. This patient is most likely suffering from which of the following?
a seizure disorder
multiple spider bites
a narcotic overdose *
anaphylactic shock
Common signs of a________________are
described: Pinpoint pupils are characteristic of heroin and narcotic use, a fresh puncture wound over a vein indicates
a recent ____________, and_____________
over the veins is consistent with the presence of track marks.
bluish scarring, multiple scars, puncture, narcotic overdose, injection site, pinpoint pupils
16
A 24-year-old female is complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. She has been up for three days studying for finals and has been taking ephedrine
supplements to help her__________and
alert. She also admits to drinking 12
___________soft drinks in the past day.
Vitals are BP 80/40, P 1 80 carotid, and R
42. She is_________and lethargic.
The best treatment for this patient would include: cardioversion at 100 joules
This patient presents in unstable
supraventricular____________. Her
condition may___________quickly;
therefore, immediate synchronized _____________is indicated.
cardioversion, caffeinated, stay awake, tachycardia, very pale, deteriorate
Your patient is a 19-year-old female who has been stung by a stingray while swimming.
What should you do after________
airway breathing and circulation are intact? - Apply heat or warm water to reduce pain
and________the poison. *
Heat will cause the______to break down
and______the harm to the patient.
detoxify, poison, ensuring, lessen 18
Your patient is a comatose 56-year-old male. His breath smells fruity and sweet and his respirations are very deep and rapid.
After the initial assessment, you should provide the following treatments: Draw blood, start an IV of 0.9% NaCI, and give a 500 ml fluid bolus.* This patient is showing signs and
symptoms of diabetic____________Avoid
the use of______________________if at all
possible.
At the minimum, you should obtain a
________________before administering any
glucose containing solutions. The fluid
bolus will help_______the glucose
contained within his blood.
glucose administration, glucometer reading, ketoacidosis, dilute
19
Your patient is a 30-year-old female who is complaining of a generalized rash and a dyspnoea after eating shellfish. The patient has small itchy, red welts all over her body and says her tongue feels like it is swollen. She complains of difficulty moving air in
and difficulty____________________This
patient's vital signs show a blood pressure of 110/60; a pulse of 100, strong and regular; and a respiratory rate of 36. Her breathing is somewhat shallow and
This patient is exhibiting the signs and symptoms of: an allergic reaction. * This patient's blood pressure is still
______í________the allergic reaction;
therefore, the patient is not in anaphylactic shock.
This patient needs close monitoring
because she could____________:
anaphylactic shock *
Compensating for, catching a full breath, progress into, laboured
20
You respond to a 1 7-year-old female found unconscious in her backyard by her parents. She has a newly developing skin rash on her right arm and is having difficulty breathing. You note that she is wheezing. Her parents state that she has no history of respiratory problems or other medical disorders.
Which of the following is a possible cause of her condition?
Anaphylaxis * •       febrile seizures
status asthmaticus
epiglottitis The environment she is in and previously
unseen____,________, difficulty breathing
and negative past history are keys to this being a case of possible anaphylactic shock.
What is the first step in managing this patient? - Aggressively manage the airway. *
You should aggressively manage the
airway. It may be necessary to_________
________. this patient, and you may get only
one attempt. Once the tube contacts the
larynx, the__________can spasm and
completely shut off the airway.
The next step in treating this patient is to start a normal saline or Ringer's lactate IV and to give: epinephrine *
Epinephrine is a potent_____________and
can reverse many of the effects of
histamine_________This patient is
________and should first be treated with
epinephrine. If respiratory________
continues once the epinephrine has entered the patient's system, you may try using^diphenhydramine (another antihistamine) or albuterol to bring about
Antihistamine, distress, bronchodilation, carefully intubate, rash, vocal cords, in extremis, overload, wheezing
Vocabulary 1
abdominal /aab'drjm.i.nsl/ thrust /ÖrAst/
břišní úder, první pomoc při dušení
abscess /'asb.ses/ absces
accomplish /s'kAm.pliJV dosáhnout,
provést, uskutečnit
admit /aďmit/ připustit, uznat,
hospitalizovat
aggressively /a'gres.iv.li/ agresivně, útočně
air /'ear/ embolism /'em.bB.li.zam/ vzduchová embólie
anaphylaxis /.aan.s.fi'laek.sis/ anafylaxe, druh alergie, přecitlivělosti na cizorodou bílkovinu
ascent /s'sent/ stoupání, výstup
bag /baeg/ mask /maisk/ dýchací maska,
ambuvak, resuscitační vak,
— 156 -
- 157 —
samorozpínatelný vak s maskou
bolus /bau.las/jednorázově podaná dávka
léku
break /breik/ down /daun/ porucha, porušení, havárie, defekt, zhroutit se, nevydržet
bring /bnrj/ about /a'baut/ způsobit, vyvolat
bronchodilation /.bmrj.kau.'dileiTan/ dilatace, rozšíření průdušek caffeinated /'kaef.i.nei.tid/ s kofeinem (nápoj)
cardioversion /,kai.di.a'v3i.ran/
kardioverze, elektrický výboj použitý při
léčbě srdečních arytmií
catching /'kaatT.irj/ nakažlivý, přenosný
center /'sen.tar/ střed, centrum, středisko
comfortable /'kAimf.tar.bal/ pohodlný,
příjemný
consciousness /'konjas.nas/ vědomí, povědomí
counterproductive /.kaun.ta.pra'dAk.tiv/ kontraproduktivní, mající opačný účinek cricothyreotomy /'krai.ka.Oaia'rD.ta.mi/ krikotyreotomie, chirurg, rozdělení chrupavky prstencové a štítné decompression /.dii.kanVpre/.sn/ sickness /'sik.nas/ dekompresní nemoc deficit /'def.i.sit/ deficit, nedostatek detoxify /dii'tok.si.fai/ detoxikovat dilute /dai'luit/ zředit, oslabit diphenhydramine /di.fen'hi.dra.mnn/ difenylhydramin, antihistaminikum, užívané v léčbě alergických poruch diving /'dai.virj/ reflex /'rii.fleks/ reflex zahrnující kardiovaskulární a metabolické adaptace pro uchování kyslíku vyskytující se u živočichů během potápění do vody drowning /'draun.irj/ tonutí, utopení encourage /in'kAr.id^/ povzbudit, vést femoral /'femaral/ femorální, stehenní final /'fai.nsl/ závěrečná zkouška forceps /'fDi.seps/ chirurgické, lékařské
kleště
fraternity /fra't3i.na.tí/ bratrstvo, jednota
fruity /'frui.ti/ ovocný
gag /gag/ reflex /'riifleks/ reflex zvracení
garment /'gaimant/ oděv, oblek
glucose /'glui.kaus/ glukóza, hroznový
cukr
goal /gaul/ cíl
grab /graeb/ snažit se popadnout haemostasis /.hii.ma'stei.sis/ hemostáza, zástava krvácení, zástava krevní cirkulace Heimlich maneuver /'haim.lik.ma,nu.var/ Heimlichův manévr je určený k vypuzení předmětu, který ucpal dýchací cesty in extremis /,in.ik'stri:.mis/ krajní, v krajním případě itchy /'itf.i/ svědivý MAST, Military Anti-Shock Trousers vojenské protišokové pneumatické kalhoty viz také PASC mid /mid/ střední NaCI, sodium /'sau.di.am/ chloride /'kbiraid/ chlorid sodný, kuchyňská sůl near /mar/ téměř, blízko necessitate /na'ses.i.teit/ vyžadovat, vynutit si
neoplasm /,nii.au'pla;z.am/ zhoubný nádor
neurological /,njua.ra'lDd3.i.kal/ neurologický
nitrogen /'nai.tracen/ dusík, dusíkatý nonrebreather /,nĽ>n.rabra.ôar/ mask / ma:sk/ dýchací maska jednocestnou klapkou, vydechnutý oxid uhličitý je vyloučen a není znovu vdechován oropharyngeal /'d:.re .fa'rin.d3Í.al/ orofaryngeální, týkající se úst a hltanu overinflation /.auva.in'fleiľ.an/ nadměrné naplnění vzduchem, nahuštění overload /,au.va'laud/ přetížit, přetížení oxygenate /'r>k.si.d3a.neit/ okysličovat padded /'pad.id/ vycpaný, s vycpávkou PASC, Pneumatic /nju'maetik/ Antishock
158
/'aen.ti.jBk / Garment /'gaimsnt/ nafukovací oblek, používaný k potlačení šoku, stabilizaci zlomenin, podporování hemostázy a zvýšení periferní cévní rezistence, viz také MAST pneumatic /nju'rnsetik/ vzduchový, na stlačený vzduch poison /'pai.zan/ jed, otrávit pulseless /pAls.las/ bez pulzu recompression /.rii.kam'prej.an/ chamber /'tfeim.bar/ rekompresní komora regain /n'gein/ znovu získat, vrátit retroperitoneal /.ret.rau.per.i.tau.'nk.al/ ležící za pobřišnicí
reverse /n'v3is/ zvrátit, změnit, otočit, opačně, pozpátku
Ringer's lactate /laek'teit/ Ringerův roztok,
infuzní roztok, podobně jako fyziologický
roztok je izotonický a obsahuje ionty
sodíku a chloru, navíc pak obsahuje ionty
draslíku a vápníku, čímž je bližší složení
krevní plasmy
scar /ska:r/ jizva, zjizvít
scuba diving /'skui.ba.dai.virj/ potápění s
dýchacím přístrojem, sportovní potápění
shaft /Jciift/ diafýza, střední část dlouhé
kosti
shellfish /'Jel. f if/ měkkýši, korýši shut //At/ off /of/ vypnout, zastavit, odtáhnout
softly /'soft.li/ jemně, tlumeně sore /sair/ bolavý, bolestivý spasm /'spaez.am/ křeč, záchvat spider /'spai.dar/ pavouk spine /spam/ board /baid/ páteřní deska splint /splint/ dlaha, zpevnit dlahou status /'stei.tas/ status, stav stingray /'stirj.rei/ trnucha, rejnok s jedovým bodcem na ocase streak /stri:k/ stopa, proužek suddenly /'sAd.an.li/ náhle, najednou suffering /'sAf.ar.irj/ from trpící čím suit /sju:t/ oblek
supplement /'sAp.li.mant/ doplnit, dodatek
suppress /sa'pres/ potlačit, zastavit track /traek/ dráha, cesta, sledovat traction /'trak.Jan/ trakce, tah tube /tju:b/ trubice, trubička umbilicus /Atm'bil.i.los/ pupek unconsciousness /An'kDn.Jas.nas/ bezvědomí
unlikely /An'lai.kli/ nepravděpodobný unseen /An'si:n/ neviditelný, nevídaný valve /vaelv/ klapka, ventil welt /welt/ šrám, podlitina whisper /'wis.par/ šeptat, šepot worsen /'w3i.san/ zhoršit (se)
Unit 2 1
What is the reason for giving_______
beta agonists to patients with severe allergic reactions? - To reverse bronchospasm and relax airways *
____________such as albuterol help in the
treatment of severe allergic reactions by relaxing the______and thus relieving
Beta agonists, airway, bronchospasm, inhaled
Your patient is a 27-year-old male who has fallen from a 24-foot (7.3 m) ladder. As you are approaching and forming your general impression, you note that he is conscious and talking.
What should you do first? -
_________stabilize his neck in a neutral
position.*
The______is always given first priority, but
in this case, since the patient __________,
the first step in his assessment and care
- 159
would be to stabilize the . you begin your_________
ABC assessment, is talking, cervical spine, Manually, airway
When using the OPQRST________to
assess a patient's pain, you would assess the R portion of the mnemonic by asking: "Does the pain move anywhere?" *
R stands__________You should determine
if the pain is radiating,________, or causing
any__________________for
radiation, referred, associated problem, mnemonic
4
•       The focused history and physical examination of a patient begins after you have: controlled immediate threats to the patient's life. *
The purpose of the focused history and physical examination is to detect additional problems after you have
controlled_______'._________to the
patient's life. The_________________is
typically performed during transport.
______________may be consulted anytime
during the call when you feel it is
___________or whenever your protocols
and standing orders require it.
Appropriate, Medical control, ongoing assessment, immediate threats
Using your sense of touch during a physical examination is called: palpation. * The technique of_________is using touch
during a____________________to gather
information.
____________is listening with a stethoscope;
__________is using gentle tapping in order
to identify the presence of air or fluid in body tissues.
Percussion, Auscultation, physical examination, palpation
6
What are the components of the focused history and physical exam?-SAMPLE history and focused examination.
The______________and physical exam,
undertaken only after_______________to
life have been corrected, consists of
ascertaining the nature of______________
previous history (via SAMPLE),__________,
and focused exam.
focused history, illness or injury, immediate threats, vital signs
What is the purpose of the OPQRST mnemonic? - To define the major complaint. *
The OPQRST mnemonic is used to define
the_____________associated with_______
__________such as pain, dyspnoea,
dizziness, and vague sensations. It is not usually used in trauma or______
medical conditions, actual unconsciousness, chief complaint
8
• What is a major concern when dealing with a patient with
160 -
organophosphate poisoning? - Exposure of rescuers to the poison.*
_________to organophosphate is a major
concern. Proper______________________are
_________to rescuer safety.__________all
patient clothing according to Environmental Protection Agency -guidelines.
Dispose of, Exposure, paramount, isolation procedures
9
Your patient is a farmer who has employed a crop cluster to spray his fields. The fields were sprayed earlier today and now the farmer has teary eyes, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, and excessive salivation.
What was he most likely poisoned with? - Organophosphates. * The symptoms of organophosphate
__________are described by the acronym
SLUDGE (excessive__________,___________,
_________, diarrhoea, gastrointestinal
distress,______).
salivation, absorption, emesis, iacrimation, urination
10
What __________is commonly used
to treat patients who are the victims of organophosphate poisoning? - Atropine sulfate *
A large dose of atropine sulfate is used to
__________cholinergic poisoning from
________________and carbamates.
Counteract, organophosphates, medication
11
A victim is unresponsive after possible
exposure to______________in a closed
garage. Which of the following procedures should you do first? -
Wait for properly trained personnel to enter and evacuate the garage.*
____the windows of the garage to
ventilate the environment.
_______high-flow oxygen to the
patient via positive pressure ventilations.
______the patient from the
environment.
Safety first! Of the three__________options,
_______________and protected rescuers
can remove the patient safely.
Extrication, Provide, carbon monoxide, properly trained, Open, Remove
12
Which finding is helpful________________
poisoning by spider venom from an acute abdominal condition?
abdominal rigidity with no palpable tenderness *
right-lower-quadrant pain in the absence of fever
diaphoresis accompanied by______
the presence of multiple_________
on the stomach
This finding is helpful in ruling out acute
abdomen as the cause.____________
generally always has pain associated with
rigidity, whereas a__________may be
painless initially due to the neurotoxicity of
the_____. Spiders______bite more than
once, ruling out the last choice as a realistic clue.
- 161 -
rarely, in distinguishing, spider bite, bite marks, chills and fever, Acute abdomen,
13
These are characteristic of a mild or moderate pit viper envenomation:
________located around the wound
site *
_______________like nausea or
vomiting *
Localised______at the wound site *
Pit viper____________is generally very
painful. Little or no pain is characteristic of coral snake (__________) envenomation.
neurotoxic, Systemic effects, envenomation, Bruising, oedema
14
The physiological cause of the anxiety and restlessness that make up the
classic___________of shock are a______
_______of what phenomena? - The release
of catecholamines. *
The release of catecholamines that results from the initial drop in blood pressure causes the feelings of__________
early signs, anxiety and restlessness, direct result
15
A patient who experienced a seizure, rather than a period of syncope, usually reports that the episode: happened without any warning. *
________unlike syncope, do not usually
have_____________such as a period of
lightheadedness. Some seizures are
___________a feeling or sensation of
impending seizure called an aura.
preceded by, Seizures, warning signs
16
•       During the initial phase of an acute stress reaction, what physiological response will occur? - Increased pulse rate and papillary dilatation. *
Both good stress (________) and bad stress
(________) will initially cause symphatetic
stimulation such as_________heart and
respiratory rate, bronchodilation,_______
______, and increased blood flow to the
skeletal muscles, distress, Increased, dilated pupils, eustress
17
Continual reexperiencing of atraumatic event is a characteristic of which of the following?
an_______disorder
stress and_______
cumulative stress reaction
delayed stress reaction *
_____________________, or post-traumatic
stress disorder, is characterized by reexperiencing of the traumatic event and
diminished responsiveness to___________,
as well as physical and cognitive symptoms.
burnout, anxiety, Delayed stress reaction, everyday life
18
What signs and symptoms are characteristic of a patient in compensated shock? - Lethargy; confusion; pulse and
162
blood pressure normal to slightly elevated;, skin cool; and capillary refill delayed.*
The signs and symptoms given________,
_________, pulse and blood pressure
normal to slightly elevated; skin cool; and
_______________delayed are characteristic
of early, or compensated, shock. The single characteristic signalling the change from compensated to uncompensated shock is a drop in blood pressure that
remains below normal despite____________
_____________You___________wait to see
a decrease in BP to decide if shock is
present or not, since early__________
____________, sympathetic stimulation
during compensation may result in a slight elevation of the diastolic blood pressure.
intervention and treatment, lethargy, capillary refill, in the shock process, confusion, should never
19
What is the purpose of the body's
_____________________to a stressor? - To
prepare for the most efficient reaction. * All the components of the stress reaction -
_________ACTH, relaxation of the young
healthy adult,_____________, slowdown of
_________, release of adrenaline - prepare
the body to react to the________as
efficiently as possible.
stressor, bronchial tree, physiological response, release of, digestion
20
Why are vital signs changes not a good early indicator of shock in a young healthy adult? - The body attempts to
compensate______________normal vital
signs. *
The body's physiological mechanism
_____________the insult that causes shock.
Therefore, although changes in__________
are ominous late signs in patients with poor tissue perfusion, they are unlikely to
occur in a_________________who has just
entered a state of shock.
young healthy adult, by maintaining, compensate for, vital signs
Vocabulary 2
ACTH, Adrenocorticotropic /s.drii.nsujoi.ti.ksu'trof.ik/ Hormone /'ha:.maun/ adrenokortikotropní hormon actual /'aäk.tfu.Bl/ skutečný, opravdový, současný
aldosterone /'Dil.d3s.t3r.9un/ aldosteron, mineralokortikoidhí hormon vylučovaný nadledvinami
ataxia /s'taek.si.s/ ataxie, ztráta kontroly volních pohybů
atropine /'sät.ra.pín/ sulfate /'sAl.feit/
atropin-sulfát, lék
aura /'a:.ra/ aura, předzvěst,
bezprostřední známky blížícího se
záchvatu
beta-2 /'biita.tui/ agonists /'seg.s.nists/ beta-2 agonisté, uvolňují a otevírají dýchací cesty, které se během astmatického záchvatu zužují, astma „uvolňovače" nebo bronchodilatátory burnout /'b3inaut/ vyhoření, naprosté vyčerpání
carbamate /'kaibs.meit/ sůl nebo ester kyseliny karbamové (karbamová kyselina -h2n-COOH, kyselina, která se okamžitě rozpadá na oxid uhličitý a amoniak; její soli jsou karbamáty, otrava, stažení zorniček, svalový třes, salivace, ataxie, dyspnoe
cervical /'s3:vik9l/ spine /spam/ krční
163
páteř
cholinergic /kD.lm.a.d3ik/ cholinergický cluster /'klAs.tar/ shluk, hlouček, skupinka, trs, hrozen
cognitive /kag.na.tiv/ kognitivní, poznávací
coral /'krjr.al/ snake /sneik/ korálovec counteract /.kaun.tar'akt/ působit proti, potlačovat
crop /krup/ úroda, sklizeň
cumulative /'kjui.mju.la.tiv/ kumulativní,
hromadící se
diarrhoea /,dai.a'ri:.a/ průjem digestion / daises.tjan/ trávení, zažívání dilatation /.dil.a'teijan/ dilatace, rozšíření disorder /di.sai.dar/ porucha efficiently /I'fiJ.snt.li/ efektivně, účinně emesis /e'mi.sis/ emeze, zvracení envenomation /in.ven.a'mei.fan/ vniknutí jedu do těla při kousnutí nebo štípnutí eustress /jui.stres/ dobrý, pozitivní stres evacuate /ťvask.ju.eit/ evakuovat, vyklidit event /iVent/ událost, případ, akce examination /ig.zaam.ťnei.Jan/ lékařská prohlídka, vyšetření experienced /ik'spia.ri.anst/ zkušený, zběhlý
general /'djen.ar.al/ celkový, všeobecný
guideline /'gaid.lain/ směrnice, instrukce
history /'his.tar.i/ anamnéza
illness /'il.nas/ nemoc
in order to /'as.dar/ aby, kvůli
intake /'in.teik/ příjem, přísun
lacrimation /Jaek.ri'mei.Jsn/ slzení
leading /'Ik.dirj/ vedoucí
lethargy /'Ie8.a.d3i/ letargie, netečnost
medical /'med.i.kal/ léčebný, léčivý,
lékařský
mnemonic /nťmon.ik/ mnemotechnická pomůcka
moderate / 'mod.ar.at/ mírný, nevelký, střední, umírněný, přiměřený nature /'nei.tfar/ povaha, podstata,
charakter
neurotoxicity/.njuar.a.tDk'sis.i.ti/ neurotoxicita, schopnost ničit nervovou tkáň
onset /'Dn,set/ nástup OPQRST, Onset, Provocation, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time cílená anamnéza, kdy bolest začala, co ji zhoršuje, jak je pociťována, zda se přemisťuje, jak je vážná, jak dlouho trvá oral /'o:.ral/ ústní, verbální organophosphates /Di.gsen.au'fus.ferts/ organofostáty, organické sloučeniny fosforu
palpable /'psel.ps.bl/ hmatný, zřetelný paramount /'paer.a.maunt/ prvořadý, nejzásadnější
past /pciist/ minulý, dřívější phenomenon /fa'nDm.i.nan/ pi phenomena fenomén, jev, úkaz physiological /,fiz.i'Dl.a.d3i.kal/ fyziologický
pit /pit/ viper /'vai.par/ chřestýšovec, chřestýšovitý had
portion /'pDi.fan/ část, díl, rozdělit
positive /'pcz.a.tiv/ pozitivní, kladný
pressure /'prej.ar/ tlak
previous /'prii.vi.as/ předchozí, předešlý
provocation /.prova'keijan/ vyprovokování
quadrant /'kwod.rant/ kvadrant, čtvrtina
kruhu
quality /kwoliti/ povaha, vlastnost radiation /.rei.di'ei.Jan/ vyzařování reexperience /.rii.ik'spis.ri.ans/ znovu prožít, prodělat
refill /'ríi.fil/ plnění, doplnění, doplnit, dolít, znovu se naplnit responsiveness /n'spon.siv.nas/ schopnost reagovat, reakce restlessness /'rest.las.nas/ neklid, nepokoj salivation /'sasl.i.vei.Jan/ salivace, slinění SAMPLE, Signs and Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Past medical history, Last oral
intake mnemotechnická pomůcka (příznaky a symptomy, alergie, léky, minulá zdravotní anamnéza, poslední příjem ústy, události vedoucí k poranění či nemoci) pro klíčové otázky při posuzování stavu pacienta, užívá se spolu s hodnocením životních znaků, viz také OPQRST
severity / sťver.i.ti/ vážnost, útrapy signal /'sig.nal/ signál, znamení, signalizovat, indikovat skeletal /'skel.i.tal/ skeletální, kosterní slowdown /'slau.daun/ zpomalení sludge /slAd3/ kal, usazenina SLUDGE, Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Diarrhoea, Gastrointestinal distress, Emesis příznaky otravy, slinění, slzení, močení, průjem, zažívací potíže, zvracení spray /sprei/ rozprašovač, postříkat stressor /'stres.a/ stresor, prostředek, stav či podnět, který způsobí stres symptom /'simp.tam/ symptom, příznak tap /tap/ poklepat, zaťukání teary /'tia.r.i/ uslzený time /taim/ čas
uncompensated /.An'ktjmpanseitid/ nekompenzovaný
unlike /An'laik/ na rozdíl od, odlišný od vague /veig/ vágní, nejasný, neurčitý venom /'venam/jed hadíap. warning /'wDi.nirj/ varování, upozornění whereas /wear'aaz/ kdežto, zatímco
Unit 3 1
A patient presents with symptoms of
________,_______, hives, difficulty
breathing, decreased blood pressure, and dizziness.
What should you suspect? -Anaphylaxis. *
_____accompanied by difficulty breathing,
strongly_______anaphylaxis.
suggest, Hives, flushing, itching
2
While assessing a patient complaining of
difficulty breathing, you note an_______
____________, stridor, chest tightness, and
tachycardia.
Based on these symptoms, you should suspect: anaphylaxis *
______indicates an upper-airway
obstruction, in this case most likely from an allergic reaction. A patient with
_________would exhibit difficulty breathing
with wheezing and rhonchi; a patient with
______will exhibit wheezing respirations; a
patient suffering from a CVA would have an altered mental status but would not have stridor.
Asthma, Stridor, altered mental status, emphysema
3
What is the first sign of_______________in
a patient_____________anaphylaxis?
wheezing
coughing
hoarseness *
dyspnoea The first sign of laryngeal oedema is usually a____________
Hoarse voice, laryngeal oedema, suffering from
4
What are the two most common
causes of______anaphylaxis? - Penicillin
and insect bites/stings. *
________antigens are likely to cause the
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