Physiotherapy
Unit 8-Joints 02
Joints 2
f> medical dictionary     ellipsoidal join;
Types of
Synovial Joints
Joints are classified in various ways. One method Is by the shapes of articular surfaces
Examples include:
Trochoid joint
J
Plane joints
— A joint consisting of two flat surfaces. This allows for gliding movement
Hinge joint or ginglymus
— Comprised of a convex and a concave articular surface.
— Including pivot joints and rotary joints One surface rotates within, or mm nd .«'(■'
Ellipsoidal joints or condylar joints
ball-and-socket
- Cons»stng of convex and concave eiphcai |Oint surfaces.
- With opposing convex and concave surfaces.
- Comprised of a spherical bony head that moves within a socket.
Examples of synovial joints
1: Ball and socket joint; 2: Condyloid joint (Ellipsoid); 3: Saddle joint; 4: Hinge joint: 5:
Pivnt ioint
Some examples of synovial joints:
ball and socket joints,
such as the joints of the hip and shoulder
Ball & Socket Joint
eg. Hip Joint
What are some characteristics and examples of a ball-and-socket joint?
Ball-and-socket joints, which are also called spheroidal joints, are comprised of a round bony head that rotates within a cup or socket.
This is a multiaxial joint, moving along three axes and allowing for three degrees of freedom.
Examples: shoulder and hip joints
Some examples of synovial joints:
Plane joints, including the wrist and ankle.
What are some characteristics and examples of a plane joint?
In a plane joint the mating surfaces of the bones are slightly curved and may be either ovoid or sellar.
Only a small amount of gliding movement is found.
Examples are the joints between the metacarpal bones of the hand and those between the cuneiform bones of the foot.
Some examples of synovial joints:
Hinge joints,
such as the knee and elbow are also synovial joints.
What are some characteristics and examples of a hinge joint?
The hinge joints usually allow flexion and extension.
Allows movement in a single plane (along a single transverse axis) with limited movement in other planes.
Some examples of hinge joints are elbow, knee, fingers, toes, etc.
Some examples of synovial joints:
Saddle joint
It is found in the thumb, the thorax and the heel.
Saddle Joint
What is unique about saddle joints?
The saddle joint is unique in both its shape and the range of motion that it allows for.
This type of joint is made up of two saddle-shaped surfaces, each with both a convex and a concave curve.
The thumb contains the only saddle joint in the entire body.
Some examples of synovial joints:
Pivot joint
The moving bone rotates within a ring that is formed from a second bone and adjoining
ligament.
Pivot Joint
eg. median atlantoaxial joint
Difference between a pivot and a hinge joint
Hinge joints, such as in the fingers, knees, elbows, and toes, allow only bending and straightening movements.
Pivot joints, such as the neck joints, allow limited rotating movements.
ball joint / socket joint kulový kloub plane joint
rovinný kloub / plochý kloub hinge joint kladkový kloub sellar / saddle joint sedlový kloub
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
1 The wrist contains a(n) joint located between the surfaces of two flat bones held together by ligament.
Ua__)(j__nt)
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
1 The wrist contains a(n) joint located between the surfaces of two flat bones held together by ligament.
Ua__)(j__nt)
plane joint
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
2 The thumb is the only joint with opposing surfaces that are concave and convex, in the shape of a saddle, in the human body.
(s     dl )(   01 )
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
2 The thumb is the only joint with opposing surfaces that are concave and convex, in the shape of a saddle, in the human body.
(s     dl )(   01 )
saddle joint
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
3 A pivot joint is one type of a joint where a section of a cylinder of one bone fits into a cavity of another. (_roc_ _d)(^o_n_)
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
3 A pivot joint is one type of a joint where a section of a cylinder of one bone fits into a cavity of another. (_roc_ _d)(_o_n_)
trochoid joint
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
4 The neck is a joint where the convex surface of one bone rotates within the concave surface of another. (Pi___)(__m_)
Write a word that is similar in meaning to the underlined part.
4 The neck is a joint where the convex surface of one bone rotates within the concave surface of another. (Pi___)(__m_)
pivot joint
Q Place the phrases from the word bank under the correct headings.
BANK
ellipsoidal jointj [spheroidal joint] [condylar jointj [hinge jointj ^ball-and-socket joint
J
Index Finger
Shoulder
Knee
ellipsoidal joint    spheroidal joint    condylar joint    hinge joint    ball-and-socket joint
-
Spheroidal joint = ball-and-socket joint
Condylar joints are found in the wrist, toes, and fingers.
Also known as the condyloid joint, it allows the jaw, wrists, toes,
and fingers to move up and down, from side to side, and around in circumduction.
It does not allow for full rotation like the ball and socket joint.
Condyloid Joint
circumduction - obloukovitý pohyb
ellipsoidal joint    spheroidal joint    condylar joint    hinge joint    ball-and-socket joint
Index finger:
ellipsoidal joint, condylar joint Shoulder:
ball-and-socket joint (spheroidal joint)
Knee:
hinge joint
Listen to a conversation between a physical therapist and an assistant. Mark the following statements as True or False.
1 The patient has pain in her wrist and elbow.
2 The elbow is a hinge joint.
3 The wrist is a hinge joint.
Listen to a conversation between two students. Mark the following statements as True or False.
1 The patient has pain in her wrist and elbow. TRUE
2 The elbow is a hinge joint. TRUE
3 The wrist is a hinge joint. FALSE
Assistant: Hi Sally, can I ask you a question about a patient? PT: Sure. What can I help with? Assistant: It's Mrs. Jackson. She is complaining of 1) PT: Wich joints are 2)
Assistant: Her elbow is sore. That's a 3) PT: Thaf s right. What about her 4)
Assistant: She says that it is sore sometimes, too. That's 5) , is it?
PT: Our wrists are comprised of several joints, mainly 6)
4
m her arms.
right1:
1. joint pain in her arm
2. bothering her
3. hinge joint
4. wrist
5. not a hinge joint
6. ellipsoidal joints and plane joints
Speaking
Q Complete the conversation below based on Task 7, with the phrases given. Then, take roles and act it out.
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:
Can I ask you ...? That's a..., right? What about...?
Student A: You are an assistant. Talk to Student B about:
• a patient's complaints
• the joints that hurt
• what types of joints they are
Student B: You are a physical therapist. Talk to Student A about the patient's joints.
How can I help? The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint. Which joints are bothering him? What about his shoulder?
A: Can I ask you a question about a patient0
B: Of course.
A: It's Mr. Jones. He is complaining of joint problems in his arms.
B:
A: His elbow is sore. That's a hinge joint, right?
B: That's right.
A: He says that it is sore sometimes, too. That's not a hinge joint, is it?
B: No.
Writing
QUse the conversation from Task 8 to fill in the assistant's notes after a patient's visit.
Assistant's Notes:
Does the patient complain of joint pain? Yes/No If yes, where is the pain located? In the patient's shoulder.
What types of joints are causing pain? A(n) -and-T joint.
Follow-up visit scheduled? Yes/No The patient will return in two weeks.
and
joint and a(n)
elbow hinge
ball-and-socket