Cizí jazyk - Anglický jazyk 3
VSANJ11111/B2
Mgr. Kateřina Pecinová
The musculoskeletal System
Choose a term and explain it to your partner:
SPINE - JOINTS - SKELETON MUSCLE
- LIGAMENT - CRANIUM CARTILAGE
- TENDON - FASCIA CONNECTIVE
TISSUES - BONES
The musculoskeletal System
Choose a term and explain it to your partner:
SPINE - a series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the small of the back, enclosing the spinal cord and
providing support for the thorax and abdomen; the backbone.
JOINTS - a structure in the human or animal body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together
SKELETON -an internal or external framework of bone, cartilage, or other rigid material supporting or
containing the body of an animal or plant.
MUSCLE - a band or bundle of fibrous tissue in a human or animal body that has the ability to contract,
producing movement in or maintaining the position of parts of the body.
LIGAMENT - a short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or
holds together a joint.
CRANIUM - the skull, especially the part enclosing the brain.
CARTILAGE - firm, flexible connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in
structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It is more widespread in the
infant skeleton, being replaced by bone during growth.
FASCIA - connective tissue that surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in
place
TENDON - tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
The musculoskeletal System
Try and name as many as you can :-)
The musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal System
Watch the video and decide if given statements are TRUE or FALSE:
Skeletal muscles are attached via tendons to our bones. T / F
The examples of smooth muscles are intestine and bladder. T / F
All the motions in our body are governed by muscular system. T / F
Buccinator is a muscle which attaches your cheek to your teeth. T / F
Our body contain of two types of muscle fibre - slow-twitch and fast- twitch. T / F
Fast-twitch muscles maintain our muscles all day and are found in our back. T / F
The heat is spread around the body via nerves. T / F
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7.
The musculoskeletal System
Watch the video and decide if given statements are TRUE or FALSE:
Skeletal muscles are attached via tendons to our bones. T / F
Smooth muscle can be only found in the heart. T / F (Cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle - intestine, uterus)
All the motions in our body are governed by muscular system. T / F (sperm cells,
hair-like cilia in our airways, certain white blood cells)
Buccinator is a muscle which attaches your cheek to your teeth. T / F
Our body contain of two types of muscle fibre - slow-twitch and fast- twitch. T / F
Fast-twitch muscles maintain our muscles all day and are found in our back. T / F
Slow-twich muscles
The heat is spread around the body via nerves. T / F via heart and blood vessels
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2.
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6.
7.
Integumentary system
Read the article and answer the questions:
What are the major layers of skin?
What is the role of the integumentary /ɪnˈteɡ.jə.mən.tər.i/ system?
1.
2.
Integumentary system
Read the text again and decide if the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
The poster reviews multiple layers of skin.
Sweat glands are present in the epidermis.
Subcutaneous /ˌsʌb.kjuˈteɪ.ni.əs/ tissue contains veins and arteries.
1.
2.
3.
Integumentary system
Read the text again and decide if the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
The poster reviews multiple layers of skin. TRUE
Sweat glands are present in the epidermis. FALSE
Subcutaneous /ˌsʌb.kjuˈteɪ.ni.əs/ tissue contains veins and arteries. TRUE
1.
2.
3.
Integumentary system
Match the words with the definitions:
existing just beneath the skin
part of a system that perceives sensations and sends signals to the brain
an internal or external part of the body that performs a particular function
the network of body parts that protects the inside of the body, prevents water loss, and regulates
temperature
a very small hole in the skin from which hair grows
the outer layer of skin that makes up the surface of the body
A(n) ______ might produce sweat, or it might product hormones.
The _____ is the layer just above the subcutaneous tissue.
1.
2.
3.
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6.
7.
8.
FOLLICLE - INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - ORGAN - NERVE - SUBCUTANEOUS - EPIDERMIS
Integumentary system
Match the words with the definitions:
existing just beneath the skin SUBCUTANEOUS
part of a system that perceives sensations and sends signals to the brain NERVE
an internal or external part of the body that performs a particular function ORGAN
the network of body parts that protects the inside of the body, prevents water loss, and regulates
temperature INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
a very small hole in the skin from which hair grows FOLLICLE
the outer layer of skin that makes up the surface of the body EPIDERMIS
A(n) GLAND might produce sweat, or it might product hormones.
The DERMIS is the layer just above the subcutaneous tissue.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
FOLLICLE - INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM - ORGAN - NERVE - SUBCUTANEOUS - EPIDERMIS
Respiratory system
What components make up the
respiratory track?
How does air reach lungs?
1.
2.
Respiratory system
How does air reach lungs?
Respiration occurs as air enters the respiratory
tract. The pharynx /ˈfær.ɪŋks/ is the opening that
controls the movement of air. It consists of two
main components: the oropharynx, or the opening
in the mouth, and the nasopharynx /ˌneɪ.zə/, or the
opening in the nose. Once air enters the pharynx, it
travels down to the larynx. This opening closes if it
detects any unwanted substances in the airway.
After that, the trachea /trəˈkiː.ə/ carries the air to
bronchi /ˈbrɒŋ.kaɪ/. Then, the air enters the lungs.
Respiratory system
People are likely to die from obstructions in the
respiratory tract. TRUE


The passage offers several treatments for
laryngospasms. FALSE


Surgery is a possible treatment for lower airway
obstructions. TRUE
Read the handbook chapter and decide if the
followinng statements are TRUE or FALSE.
Respiratory system
What is the main idea of the poster?
What adds gases to the blood?
What can you infer about emphysema?
Read the poster and naswer these questions:
Respiratory system
the part of the respiratory system contained in the lower neck and thorax
a soft, muscular structure in the mouth that is used for eating and speaking
small tubes that carry air between the lower part of the trachea and the lungs
the system in the body that performs functions related to breathing
the part of the respiratory system contained in the head and upper neck
an opening in the nose where air enters and leaves the body
an opening in the mouth where air enters and leaves the body
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CORRECT
LOWER AIRWAY
TONGUE
BRONCHI
RESPIRATORY TRACT
UPPER AIRWAY
NASOPHARYNGX
OROPHARYNX
Respiratory system
The PHARYNX is located in the upper throat.
Part of the TRACHEA is located in the thorax.
The closing of the LARYNX depends on the materials in
the airway.
The lungs receive oxygent directly from BRONCHI.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Can you guess the word?
Respiratory system
The treatment for a blocked airway depends on the
LOCATION and cause of the OBSTRUCTION. For instance, if
there is a FOREIGN object in the PHARYNX , it simply needs
to be REMOVED.
Can you guess the word?
Respiratory system
NURSE: Hi Mrs. Blake. I have a few QUESTIONS before the doctor sees you. Are you
still SMOKING?
PATIENT: Yes, but not very much.
NURSE: Still, you need to quit. You understand the risks, don't you?
PATIENT: Of course, I know it causes LUNG CANCER AND EMPHYSEMA.
NURSE: Yes, plus people around you are at risk of developing ASTHMA.
PATIENT: I know. And I don't want my kids getting it. But quitting is really hard.
NURSE: IT also helps heal the damage to your LUNGS and bronchial tubes.
PATIENT: Well, I'll THINK ABOUT it.
Listen and write the correct word.
Respiratory system
Create your own conversation and act it out.
What are some parts of the cardiovascular system?
What is the correct _____ at which you should ______ chest
compressions on an ______ victim of cardiac arrest?
Circulatory system
SPEED
ADULT
PERFORM
What is the correct word?
Circulatory system
the network of parts that transports vital substances throughout the body
any pathway that transports blood within the body, such as a vein
a fluid that travels throughout the body to distribute nutrients and oxygen
an organ in the respiratory system that receives O2 and releases CO2
a type of vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLOOD VESSEL
BLOOD
LUNG
ARTERY
Using the words complete the email from an
instructor to a student.
Circulatory system
blood
lungs
veins
heart
arteries
respiratory
blood vessels
organs
lymph
nutrients
lymphatic
What happens to your blood after it is taken (post
donation stage)? (2 steps)
What are the blood components are what are their
functions?
Which of the blood component can be shipped
worldwide? Why?
Why is donantion of this component awarded
financially? Why is it controversial?
Can the controversy be sorted out? How?
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2.
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Circulatory system - blood
Watch the video and answer these questions:
What happens with your blood straight after it is taken?
taken to the lab to identify any infectious diseases + blood type, gian centrifuge = separated into three different
components
storing (platelets - 3 days, red blood cells - 42 days, plasma -1 year)
What are the blood components and what are their functions? - red blood cells, platelets, plasma
red blood cells - contain hemoglobin, helps to transport oxygen and carbon to/from lungs (patients with low blood cell
count - anaemia, after surgery)
platelets - help blood to coagulate properly (cancer patients)
plasma - liquid that shuffles cells throughout body, contains antibodies (rare chronic conditions)
Which of the blood components can be shipped worldwide? Why?
plasma - because it can be frozen for 1 year
Why is the donation of this blood component awarded financially? Why is it controversial?
it's time consuming (needle is in for 40 - 45 minutes), because people lie about their health
How can the controversy be sorted? - giving compensation for goods or services, Italy - days off
1.
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b.
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b.
c.
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a.
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a.
5.
Circulatory system - blood
Have you ever donated blood? If yes, what was your
motivation?
Is there enough blood being donated? How could people
be motivated to donate blood?
What are some reasons not to be able to donate blood?
Is there any financial award for donating blood in the
Czech republic?
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2.
3.
4.
Circulatory system - blood
Discuss these questions with your partner
Doctors increased the amount of patient's blood after
the accident. REPLENISHED
If the person's blood is containing the Rhesus factor,
he or she cannot donate to those without the Rhesus
factor. POSITIVE
The patient has blood that fights B-antigens, so she
cannot receive Type B. TYPE A
Blood that is compatible with both A- and Bantigens
tends to be faily rare. TYPE AB
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4.
Circulatory system - blood
Find the word or phrase which has similar meaning to the bold part.
Circulatory system -heart
Answer these questions:
What does a person's circulatory system do?
What problems do people experience related to
their circulatory system?
Circulatory system -heart
Answer these questions:
atrium: ay·tree·uhm
vena cava: vay·nuh kaa·vuh
aorta: ay·aw·tuh
valve: valv
Circulatory system - heart
A small tube that lets blood and tissue exchange nutrients
one of the two upper chambers of the heart
one of the two major veins that carries blood to the heart
relating to the lungs
a tube that carries blood from the heart to the body
a structure in the heart that opens and closes
a space in the heart that holds blood
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CORRECT
CAPILLARY
ATRIUM
VENA CAVA
PULMONARY
VALVE
ARTERY
VENTRICLE
NURSE: Good afternoon,Fred. I have your TEST RESULTS back.
PATIENT: What do they say?
NURSE: Well, we're detecting an ARRHYTHMIA.
PATIENT: Oh, What exactly does that mean?
NURSE: It means that your heart VALVES aren't pumping blood through the atria properly.
PATIENT: Is there any TREATMENT for this?
Yes. We're going to start you on medication and see HOW IT GOES Luckily, this form of
arrhythmia isn't too serious.
PATIENT: Well, that's COMFORTING to hear.
Circulatory system
Listen again and fill out the missing words.
Circulatory system
Think about your own conversation and act it out.
The digestive system
Answer these questions:
What are the functions of the digestive system?
What types of diseases affect the digestive
system? (ulcers, appendicitis, gastric cancer)
The digestive system
Read the patient's summary and decide if the questions are TRUEo FALSE:
The patient's discomfort is caused by an ulcer. FALSE
The doctor plans to conduct further tests. TRUE
The doctor expects tofind asophagus damage. FALSE
The digestive system
Wrute the word which is similar to the underlined part:
The muscular, hollow organ that contains strong acids used to digest food can expand
rapidly during meals. STOMACH
Swallowing liquids that are too hot burns the mouth and muscular tube that passes food
to stomach. ESOPHAGUS
The final part of the digestive system plays an important part in the absorption of water.
LARGE INTESTINE
If left untreated, the condition of having loose or liquid bowel movements can be a fatal
disease. DIARRHEA
The part of the digestive system where the majority of digestation and absorption of food
takes place is just as important as the stomach, but the stomach's function is more widely
known. SMALL INTESTINE
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The digestive system
Listen to as conversation and fill in the missing words.
NURSE: How are you FEELING, Virginia?
PATIENT: The same. I still have the STOMACH pain as before.
NURSE: I'm sorry to hear that.
PATIENT: Does the doctor know what's wrong yet?
NURSE: Well, he doesn't think it's an ULCER. He believes you might have APPENDICITIS,
though.
PATIENT: Really? Isn't that deadly sometimes?
NURSE: Very rarely. He's also recommending a COLONOSCOPY to make sure there's nothing
wrong with your colon or INTESTINES. Is that ok with you?
PATIENT: Yes. I'm willing to do whatever it takes.
Physical assessment
Answer these questions:
What do nurses look for during physical
assessments?
What physical conditions are hard to find
during physical assessment?
Answer these questions:
Physical assessment
What do nurses look for during physical assessments? look
for abnormalities on the skin or body, check for pain
in the abdomen and check the patients' pulse.
What physical conditions are hard to find during physical
assessment? asymptomatic diseases (order blood tests)
Physical assessment
Read the instruction from Baymont Hospital. Then, choose the correct answers.
collect demographic data
assess body build and affect
perform auscultation /ˌɔːskəlˈteɪʃn/
perform a physical exam
check for abnormal spots
look for patient discomfort
listen to irregular sounds
assess body build and affect
What does this passage instruct nurses how to do?
What should nurses do while performing palpation on the skin?
Answer these questions:
Physical assessment
/pəˈkʌʃn/
INSPECTION OBJECTIVE DATA PERCUSSION
DEMOGRAPHIC BODY BUILD AUSCULTATION
Match the words with the definitions
Physical assessment
the process of examining the body by tapping various parts = PERCUSSION
health information that an observer can see and test = OBJECTIVE DATA
relating to personal information such as sex and age = DEMOGRAPHIC
the overall appearance and shape of a person's body = BODY BUILD
the process of examining the body by listening to internal parts = AUSCULTATION
a visual examination of a part of the body = INSPECTION
NURSE: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How are you feeling today?
PATIENT: I'm ALRIGHT. But there's a dull ache in my side.
NURSE: Ok. GOOD THING you're getting a physical exam then. Do I have your
CONSENT?
PATIENT: Sure.
NURSE: First, let me finish the DEMOGRAPHIC data. What's your age?
PATIENT: I'm 62 years old.
NURSE: Great. Next up is palation of the abdomen. I'm going to touch your
STOMACH AND SIDE. Just tell me when it hurts.
PATIENT: Okay. Yeah, it hurts there. Right BELOW my ribs.
Listen to a conversation and complete the dialog.
Physical assessment - Listening
Act out a conversation between a nurse and a patient.
Physical assessment