20 TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) abc of Resuscitation. If a baby or child is choking, tip them over your knee so that the head is lower than the stomach. Give a series of 4 firm back slaps. □ Insect Stings If the sting is visible, gently remove with tweezers. Apply cold pad, surgical spirit or solution of bicarbonate of soda. □ Overcoming by Heat Being overcome by the heat can occur very quickly. The casualty may complain of a headache and feel tired, dizzy and nauseated. Always ensure that babies and children wear a sun hat when out in the sun, and that they have plenty of fluids to drink. Get the casualty out of the sun. Cool the casualty down by giving him sips of cold water to drink. Direct currents of air onto the casualty by fanning him with a magazine or an electric fan. If unconscious, check breathing and pulse, and place in the recovery position. Urgently seek medical help. There are some other serious accidents which may happen during our lives and these casualties are in need of immediate first aid: foreign body in the eye or in the ear, sunstroke and poisoning. bandage [basndidz] «., v.; fracture [fraekca] original [s'ridzanl] «., adj.; panic [paenik] n.; superficial [sjuips'fisl] adj. vocabulary angle [serjgl] úhel apply [a'plai] přiložit behave [bi'heiv] chovat se, reagovat bleeding [bli:dirj] krvácení blister [blista] puchýř; zpuchýřovatět blow [bbu] zde: blow one's nose - vysmrkat se, smrkat bruise [bru:z] v. pohmoždit, nadělat modřiny; n. modřina, podlitina burn [bs:n] popálenina, spálenina char [ča:] spálit na uhel, zuhelnit choke [čauk] dusit se, zalknout se cling [kliň] těsně přiléhat conceal [kan'si:l] zatajit, utajit, skrýt concealed fracture [ksn'si:ld frsekča] skrytá zlomenina do zde: that will do - to bude stačit, to stačí faint [feint] omdlít, upadnout do mdlob feel f. - cítit se na omdlení, pociťovat nevolnost fainting [feintirj] mdloba feature [fi:ča] charakteristický znak firmly [fsrmli] pevně fluffy [flafi] chlupatý, pokrytý chmýřím follow [folou] zde: as follows - jak následuje further [fsiča] další heatstroke [hktstreuk] úžeh immerse [i'ma:s] ponořit, potopit injury [indžsri] poškození, zranění, úraz interfere [inta'fia] with něco dělat s, dotýkat se čeho lightheaded [laiťhedid] mající závrať, trpící závratí loosen [lu:sn] uvolnit means [mi:nz] (sg. ipl.) prostředek(y), způsob(y) moist [moist] vlhký, mírně mokrý nosebleed [nauzbli:d] krvácení z nosu odd [od] zvláštní, podivný ointment [ointmant] mast, mazání overcome [suva'kam] přemoci, zdolat, zvítězit be o. by/with — být zmožen čím overcoming by heat - postižení úžehem pad [paed] polštář, vycpávka {pod obvaz) pale [peil] bledý, pobledlý persist [ps'sist] trvat dále, udržet se piek [pik] zde: p. one's nose - rýpat se, šťourat se (v nose) pinch [pinč] sevřít, stisknout plaster [pla:sts]: sticking p. - přilnavá náplast plug [plag] ucpat, zacpat poisoning [poiznirj] otrava provide [pra'vaid] poskytnout reoccur [riis'ka:] znovu se přihodit/stát scald [sko:ld] opařenina, opaření seek [si:k] hledat, vyhledávat seep [si:p] sáknout, prosakovat shape [šeip] tvar, podoba snap [snaep] prasknutí, ulomení sting [stiň] bodnutí, štípnutí {hmyzem) sunstroke [sanstrsuk] sluneční úžeh, úpal support [sa'po:t] podložit, podepřít swelling [swelirj] otok, zduřenina tenderness [tendsnis] citlivost {na dotek) waxy [waeksi] voskově bledý TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) 21 EXERCISES 1. Choose the correct words to put in the gaps. Here are five ones. Where do they belong? Can you guess the other nine? onto great down below while Casualty While John was going_school this morning, a car knocked him_. His right leg was broken just _ the knee. Some people _ saw the accident laid him_ a comfortable position _ the pavement and telephoned_an ambulance. John was badly shocked and in_pain._the people were waiting for the ambulance, the driver _the car that knocked John down covered him_a coat and tried to comfort him. When the ambulance arrived, John was lifted _ a stretcher, put_the ambulance and driven to a hospital that was not far_. {From 'English For Nurses') 2. Put the pictures in order and retell the story. (Use The Present Continuous Tense or The Simple Past Tense.) Try to use the following phrases. to go skiing - to take the train - on the ski slopes - to fall down - to stay in bed - to go sliding 22 TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) 3a) How many parts of a human body can you find in a puzzle? There are 31 words hidden in it. Time limit - 10 minutes. b) If you manage to cross all 31 words, the remaining letters form two questions. Compare your solution with your partner and give the answers. B L A D D E R H E W H A T C A N B P E D A G L N T 0 O F G E A S H 1 N 1 K R R 0 0 0 E L B 0 W U S H N 1 F R o R M R E L P M E T A U E S 1 E S N T E Y E H H C A L F B H T E M O A U B N R T A A 1 E 0 H H E A R t M U S C L E A M T N S E ? E C A K N E L D A 0 P A E E O P T O N G U E C 0 S L N E T H U M B P N R H T E K 1 D N E Y V E N G T T H 0 L 1 V E R E A C C S 1 D E N E T N S ? W R 1 S T Solution: Hidden words: Ankle - Back - Bladder - Breast -Calf - Ear - Elbow - Eye - Foot - Forearm - Forehead - Hair - Heart - Kidney - Knee - Leg - Liver -Lungs - Muscle - Palm - Shin - Skin - Sole Stomach - Temple - Thigh - Thumb - Toe - Tongue -Tooth - Wrist -±- -s- -H -H- -AA- 6 S i N 3 a 1 0 0 V 3 -a- -3- -fv- H i 1 !) N 3 A i r l n 1 —^ * T a j in li 1 a d -a- -ft- "± 3 x 1 () :i 3- -N- -e- -i d 0 X 3 y d 0 V N X V 0 I X s N w 3- 4- -s- -ft- ■yi -±- V -3- -H H) 0 ;i 1 y a V i X z_ N X n V o l/M 3 .. H X 3- -3- y H ■3- 1 N w 1 s X" n \ X j_ -3- -d- -h -3- y !1 o / H S n * -8- -3 () X o yf a 1 -N- ■+- -H- / — 3 9 -e- -e- -± N 0 V a 3 a N V 0 i V H M HI Vr -3- -Q- -8- -v- -a- UB3 ^suirnunoiu sq; ui sn joj snoisSmp aq ubo jBqy\\ 4a) Reading for understanding. There are some innocent-looking situations in our life that may also cause damage to our health. Have you ever heard about electronic machine problem? In most towns today, you can see teenagers standing over electronic machines with flashing eyes, shooting at spaceships from other planets and dropping bombs on strange monsters. The machines have names like 'Space Warrior', 'Dark Invader' and so on. It used to be assumed that damage was done only to those strange visitors from outer space, but now it seems that they are fighting back. Many teenagers become so crazy about the games that they can't stop playing. They spend hours tightly gripping the joy stick controls and constantly pressing buttons with 'Fire'. They develop sores on their fingers and palms because of the constant pressure. They play with such enthusiasm that the sores have no chance to heal properly. The rapid wrist movement required to guide the spaceship across the screen causes another problem: the muscles of the wrist and arm become inflamed and swollen that they press against the bones. This condition is what doctors now call 'Space Warrior's Wrist'. Other strange aches and pains also tend to affect the elbows and shoulders. Another even more alarming problem is illustrated by the story of a 17-year-old girl which was recently reported in the British Medical Journal. She had been playing various kinds of electronic games for more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she could take the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One day, after playing a game called 'Dark Invader', she lost consciousness and fell to the floor, where she began to jerk about wildly. Doctors who examined her found she was suffering from an unusual form of epilepsy caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency. (from 'Success at First Certificate' Oxford University Press) b) Answer the following questions. Work in pairs. - Do you ever play electronic games? Where? - Do you find it thrilling? Why? - Do you think it is a good way how to spend your free time? - How can the electronic machines influence your body and mind? Give the examples from the text. - Are the electronic games a problem of only teenagers? c) Make a dispute on this topic. Work in two groups. The first one gives arguments for playing the electronic games and the second one against playing them. (This part of exercise can be prepared as homework and then performed in the class.) 4.2 Emergency First Aid. Casualty First aid can be applied to any injury or accident from electric shocks, to drowning and suffocation. However, it can't be done without special skills and TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) 23 technique and a lot of practice as well. Emergency first aid when applied properly and in time can save a man's life. The nurse is definitely the one who should always know what to do. What to do in an emergency: 1. assess 2. make safe 3. give emergency aid 4. get help First, assess the situation. Is danger still present? Decide what has happened, ask the casualty and any witnesses how the accident occurred. Make sure that it is safe to approach the scene of an accident and the casualty. Do not turn yourself into another casualty by going into a dangerous situation. When giving emergency aid, do not try to do too much. Always treat the unconscious first, then those who are bleeding and finally those with broken bones and other injuries. Never give a casualty anything to eat, drink or smoke. Then get help. Use a bystander to help you. Summon help by using the 155 emergency telephone line (999 in the U.K.). □ ABC of Resuscitation If the casualty is unconscious, gently shake his shoulders and shout 'wake up'. If you get no response... A. Open the airway. Lift the jaw and tilt the head to open the airway. Remove any object from inside the mouth. B. Check breathing. Look to see if the chest is rising and falling. Listen for the noise of breathing, feel for his breath against your cheek. If the casualty is breathing turn him into the recovery position. C. Circulation - check the pulse. Find the pulse in the neck by placing your fingers to the side of the voice box and pressing gently down. If pulse and breathing are both present, turn the casualty into the recovery position onto his side, taking care to protect his face. His head should remain tilted with the jaw forward to maintain the open airway. Check that the casualty cannot roll forwards or backwards. However, if there is an accident in which the casualty might have sustained a bone fracture (e.g. car crash, fall, ...), don't move him! If there is a pulse but no breathing... Start artificial ventilation. Pinch casualty's nose firmly. Take a deep breath and seal your lips around the casualty's lips. Blow into his mouth watching the chest rise. Let the chest fall completely. Give about 15 breaths a minute, checking the pulse after every 15 breaths. When breathing starts, turn the casualty into the recovery position. If there is no pulse and no breathing... Shout for help. Phone for an ambulance, then start chest compressions combined with ventilations. Give 2 breaths artificial ventilation. Place the heel of one 24 TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) hand 2 fingers breadth above the junction where the ribcase meets the breastbone. Place the other hand over the top (interlocking fingers are possible). Keeping your arms straight, press down 4-5 cms. Do this 15 times at a rate of 80 per minute. Repeat cycle (2 breaths to 15 compressions). If condition improves, recheck pulse. Place casualty in recovery position. Never practise this technique on healthy people - it is dangerous. vocabulary apply [s'plai] použít v praxi, aplikovat approach [a'preuc] přiblížit se, přistoupit artificial [aiti'fisal] umělý assess [a'ses] stanovit, určit, odhadnout blow [btau] foukat, vhánět vzduch breastbone [brestboun] hrudní kost bystander [baistasnda] divák (náhodný), okolo- stojící casualty [kasžjualti] nehoda, neštěstí; oběť nehody, zraněný casualties (pl.) - ztráty na životech při nehodách, oběti katastrofy (mrtví a ranění) compression [ksm'presan] stlačení, stisknutí, tlak, komprese drown [draun] (u)topit (se), (u)tonout emergency [i'maidzansi] n. nepředvídaná událost, případ nouze, náhlá příhoda; adj. nouzový, výpomocný e. first aid [eid] - neodkladná první pomoc firm [faim] pevný heel [hi:l] pata; zadní část; bříško (na ruce pod palcem) interlock [into'lok] proplést, vzájemně spojit jaw [džo:] čelist, zde: spodní čelist junction [džarjkšan] styčný bod, spojení maintain [mein'tein] udržovat, zachovávat occur [o'ks:] stát se, přihodit se pinch [pinč] stisknout, sevřít recheck [ri'cek] překontrolovat recovery [ri'kavari] zlepšení zdravotního stavu, zotavení r. position [pa'zison] - stabilizovaná poloha response [ri'spons] odpověď, odezva, reakce ribcase [ribkeis] hrudní koš roli [rsul] překulit (se), kutálet (se) seal [si:l] neprodyšně uzavřít; spojit se (při šití-chir.) skill [skil] dovednost, schopnost; pohotovost suffocation [safa'keisan] (u)dušení, sufokace summon [šaman] zavolat, přivolat tilt [tilt] sklopit, naklonit ventilation [venti'leissn] dýchání voice box [vois boks] larynx, hrtan witness [witnis] svědek exercises 1. Answer the following questions: - Why is emergency first aid so important? - Who do you have to treat first? - How would you call for help? - In what case can you turn the casualty into the recovery position? - Who can you ask for help? - Why would you talk to the witnesses? How can they help you? - Can you give the casualty something to drink? - What mustn't casualties be given? - In what place and how many times should you press down with compressions? - How can you check the casualty's pulse? - Have you ever happened to apply emergency first aid? - What is the emergency telephone number in your town or country? 2. Practise these instructions in pairs (mime the actions). Think of some others. TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) 25 - Put your jaw forward. - Pinch your nose. - Take a deep breath. '* - Interlock your fingers. - Keep your arms straight. - Find the pulse in your neck. - Shake my shoulder gently. - Show the recovery position. - Check breathing. - Lift the jaw and tilt the head. - Shout for help. 3. Reading for understanding - the dialogue between the doctor (Dr) and the patient (P). Dr: Good evening. Mr Miles, isn't it? P: Yes. Hi, doc. Stupid thing. I think I've hurt my leg. Silly little accident. Dr: That wasn't what I heard. The witness said you walked out in front of that car as though it wasn't there. P: I didn't see it coming. Dr: I'm not at all suprised. That was because you were drunk. You probably still are. Look at the state of you. P: The driver should have stopped. Or at least swerved. Dr: You hardly gave him a chance, did you, walking out in front of him like that. P: I thought you were supposed to be helping me. Dr: Look, Mr Miles, I'm not going to tell you that you shouldn't be here. This is a casually department, and this sort of thing is our job. But we do see a lot of patients who have nobody to blame but themselves. And there are other people involved, don't forget. P: It's my leg, not theirs. Dr: What about your family? Shouldn't you think of them a little, too? Imagine how they're worrying right now. P: You sound just like my wife. Dr: How many drinks did you have? P: I don't know. Dr: Don't you? P: Couple of large whiskies. Dr: How many? P: All right, then. Six or seven. Maybe eight. Dr: That's better. Okay. Relax, now. Let's see about the rest of you. © Let's Laugh a Little Over the doctor's telephone came a call from one man. The man said: "My little son swallowed my ball--pen." The doctor said: "I'll come at once. And what are you doing in the meantime?" "I write with my pencil," said the man. 5 Visit to a Doctor Read the following questions: - Who informed Dr Wales of the patient's headaches? - How often does the headache appear? - What time of the day was it? - What helps the patient to ease the pain? Mask the dialogue, listen to the teacher and then answer the questions above: (Mr Davis is shown into the doctor's consulting room.) Dr: Good morning, Mr Davis. Please sit down. Your family doctor says that you've been troubled by headache. When did all this start? P: I suppose I've had headaches all my life, but they've been much worse recently. I've had to take a few weeks off and my boss is on to me. Dr: How often do you get them? P: Nearly every day. Much more so if I'm tired. Dr: Any particular time of the day? P: They're much worse in the afternoons and early evenings. Dr: What are the headaches like? P: It's a continuous throbbing feeling, mainly at the front. It hurts if I move my head and I often feel sick. Dr: Does anything you do make the headaches better or worse? P: I find lying down for a while eases the pain, and also having a sleep. Dr: Well, we'd better have a good look at you. Okay? Let's start with a general check-up. Pair work. Read the dialogue with another student and learn the unknown vocabulary. Ask the teacher for help using these structures: - Excuse me, what does_mean? - Could you explain the word_to me, please? - What is_in Czech, please? Read the second part of the dialogue and then answer the following questions: - Does the patient smoke? How many cigarettes a day? - Does he drink much? - Does he work long hours? - Is the patient's father still alive? - Why is the patient worried? - What did his father suffer from? (Dr Wales is reaching the end of the consultation.) Dr: Finally, I'd just like to ask you some more questions about your general health and habits. Do you smoke? 26 TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) P: Yes, about twenty a day. Too much, I suppose. Dr. What about alcohol? P: Only at parties. And even then not much. Dr: What about your work? Does it involve long hours? P: I suppose so. I've never really thought about it. I don't often get home before 8 o'clock. Dr: Do you like the people you work with? P: Most of them. But I don't like my immediate superior. Dr: Well, Mr Davis, your general health seems to be quite good, and I can't find anything wrong examining you. P: Thanks. That's a relief. Dr: You were worried, were you? P: Well. . . yes, I was. Very worried. Dr: Well, you can stop worrying now. Is there any particular reason why you were anxious? P: Actually, there is. Dr: Would you like to tell me? Is it anything to do with your family? P: Yes. It's my father. Dr: He suffers from headaches, too? P: He suffered from headaches. Dr: He's dead, is he? P: Yes. He died last year. And I'm just rather worried because he died of brain cancer. Dr: I'm sorry to hear that, but thanks for telling me. I'm sure you've got no need to be anxious. Just to make sure, I'm going to send you for a few more tests. P: Thank you, doctor. Dr: But let's just relax, shall we? I'm sure there's nothing to worry about, and I don't want you to get worked up over nothing. VOCABULARY actually [sekčuali] skutečně, vlastně anxious [aenkšss] starostlivý, znepokojený, úzkostlivý brain [brein] mozek cancer [ksensa] rakovina check-up [ček ap] kontrola, zdravotní prohlídka continuous [kon'tinjuss] souvislý, nepřetržitý dead [ded] mrtvý, zemřelý die [dai] of zemřít na ease [i:z] ulehčit, zmírnit bolest feeling [flilirj] cítění, pocit, vědomí general [džensrol] všeobecný, celkový, hlavní habit [haebit] zvyk, obyčej, duševní dispozice headache [hedeik] bolení hlavy immediate [i'mkdjoť] bezprostřední, neodkladný, okamžitý involve [in'volv] zahrnout, obsahovat mainly [meinli] hlavně nearly [nisli] skoro, téměř pain [pein] bolest particular [pa'tikjub] jednotlivý, zvláštní, důkladný, přesný reason [ri:zn] důvod, příčina, rozum recently [rí.sntli] nedávno relief [ri'li:f] ulehčení, úleva sick [sik] nemocný, cítící se špatně od žaludku superior [sju'piaris] vyšší, nadřazený; nadřízený suppose [ss'psuz] předpokládat, domnívat se throb [9rob] bít, tlouci (o srdci), tepat, bušit to take a week off udělat si (vzít si) týden volna to be on to somebody popichovat koho, strefovat se do koho what is (it) like? jaké (to) je? to feel sick být nevolno to make something better zlepšit co I'd better have a look raději se podívám it seems to be good zdá se to být v pořádku to be worried strachovat se, znepokojovat se to suffer from trpět čím {chorobou) there's nothing to worry about není proč si dělat starosti I'm sorry to hear that to je mi líto to make sure ujistit (se) I don't want you to (inf.) nechci, abys(te)... to be troubled by trápit se čím, mít problémy s to get worked up over nothing zbytečně se rozčilovat EXERCISES 1. Make up a short conversation in pairs using at least three phrases from the list above. 2. Practise these structures: I have a pain in my elbow, knee. My elbow, knee hurts. My elbow, knee aches. (upper arm, hip, leg, ankle etc.) Remember! headache backache toothache stomachache earache 3. Use the following structures to find out about somebody or something: - What is_like? - What are_like? Look at these questions. a) What does she like? b) What is she like? c) What does she look like? d) How is she? i. They are similar in form but they are not the same in meaning. Say which answer (1, 2, 3, 4) goes with TEXTS AND EXERCISES (BASIC PART) 27 each question (a, b, c, d), and discuss the differences between the questions. 1. She's not very well, actually. She's got a bad cold. 2. She's really nice. Very friendly and open, and good fun to be with. 3. She likes swimming and skiing, and she's a keen football fan. 4. She's quite tall, average build, with straight brown hair. 4. Body vocabulary revision. Look at the figure and complete the sentences. She has a pain in her (1). She has a stiff (2). She has a sting on her (4). She has a rash on her (3). She has a bruise on her (5). She has a pain in her (9). Her (6) are swollen. Her (7) hurts. She has a graze on her (8). Her (10) hurts. She has a pain in her (11). She has a rash on her (12). She has a thin (13). She has a pain in her (14). She has a pain in her (15). She has a scar on her (16). Her (17) aches. She has a sting on her (18) . She has a bruise on her (19) . Her (20) itch. She has a swelling on her (21). She has a blister on her (22). Her (23) itches. She has a sprained (24). Adjectives sprained [spreind] vymknutý, podvrtnutý sore [so:] bolavý stiff [stifj ztuhlý, neohebný swollen [swsuln] oteklý, napuchlý Verbs to ache [eik] bolet to hurt [ho:ť] bolet to throb [9rob] bušit to itch [ič] svědit to irritate [iriteit] dráždit Nouns pain [pein] bolest ache [eik] bolest bruise [bru:z] modřina, zhmožděnina rash [reus] vyrážka cut [kat] řezná rána, říznutí scar [ska:] jizva swelling [swelirj] otok graze [greiz] škrábnutí, odřenina sting [stirj] žihadlo, bodnutí bite [bait] kousnutí, uštknutí 5. Fill in the missing words in the passage below. Choose from the following: appointment blood pressure couch examination GP At the Doctor's lung cancer medicine prescription pulse receptionist stethoscope surgery symptoms temperature waiting-room to make an (2) Last week I phoned my (1) _to see her, as I had been feeling a bit under the weather recently. When I arrived at her (3)_, there were only two other people in the (4)_. I gave my name to the (5)_and sat down to await my turn. Fortunately, I didn't have to wait long. The doctor asked me what was wrong, so I told her my (6)_, namely that I had been feeling very tired and often had difficulty in breathing. She told me to lie down on the (7) _and gave me an (8) _. First, she felt my (9) . Then she took my (10) , which was a bit high. Next she took my (11) _. It was 37.9 °C. Finally, she listened to my brea- thing through her (12)_. She didn't think there was anything seriously wrong with me - I was just a bit run down. So she wrote out a (13) _ for some (14) _ which she said would make me feel better. She also advised me, as she always did, to stop smoking and reminded me that if I didn't, then one day I might get (15)_. As usual, I promised to try.