Modal verbs
can moci, umět
must muset
may smět
shall mít (povinnost)
would (will) podmiňovací způsob
i
What are Modal Verbs?
We use modal verbs to show if we believe someth is certain, probable or possible (or not).
We also use modals to do things like talking about ability, asking permission, making requests and offers, and so on.
Grammar
Modal verbs are special verbs which behave differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:
1. Modal verbs do not take „-s" in the third person. Example: He can speak Chinese.
2. There is no „do" used in negative or interrogative sentences.
Example: He can't swim. Can they come?
3. Modal verbs are followed by infinitive without „to" (no -ing forms) - He can dance.
4. They have in all persons the same form.
CAN
"Can" is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English.
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they can
I etc. cannot (I can't) can I?
I etc. could - mohl (uměl) bych, mohl (uměl) jsem
OPIS-be able to
I was able to - mohl jsem, uměl jsem
I would be able to - mohl bych, uměl bych
I will be able to - budu moci, budu umět
MUST
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they must
OPIS-have to
I have to - musím
I had to - musel jsem
I would have to - musel bych
I will have to - budu muset
NEED NOT
I etc. need not (needn't) nemusim
OPIS - don't have to
I don't have to - nemusim I didn't have to - nemusel jsem I wouldn't have to - nemusel bych I won't have to - nebudu muset
MAY- smět
I may - smím (MAY-také „možná") I might směl bych
OPIS -1 am allowed to
I am allowed to - smím
I was allowed to - směl jsem
I would be allowed to - směl bych
I will be allowed to - budu smět
MAY, MUST not - nesmět
I etc. must not (mustn't) may not nesmím I might not nesměl bych
OPIS -1 am not allowed to
I am not allowed to - nesmím I wasn't allowed to - nesměl jsem I wouldn't be allowed to - nesměl bych I won't be allowed to - nebudu smět
SHALL
shall - mít povinnost
You shall go there. - Máš tam jít. You should go there. - Měl bys tam jít.
(You should have written the answer Měli jste napsat odpověď.)
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SUMMARY
I CAN -mohu, umím -be able to (I COULD - mohl bych, uměl bych)
I MAY -smím I MAY NOT - nesmím I MUST      - musím I MUST NOT - nesmím I NEED NOT - nemusím I DON'T HAVE TO
Shall I leave?
You should tell me.
You should have told me.
be allowed to
not to be allowed to
have to
not to be allowed to I don't have to nemusím Mám odejít? Měl bys mi to říci. Měl jsi mi to říci.
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