Anglický jazyk
11.2.2 Some surgical instruments
Surgical forceps
In many surgeries, the surgeon has to grasp, lift and displace tissue, blood vessels and organ walls. They must do so without causing further injury to the patient. There are various sizes of forceps the surgeon can choose to use, and they each have different opposing tips. Opposing tips are the ends of the forceps and may be straight, curved, serrated or toothed.
Surgical scissors
Surgical scissors are used for cutting and dissecting tissues. They also cut bandages and sutures. Each procedure has a separate pair of scissors that is used to complete it. Surgical scissors are required in any surgery and have value and durability not seen in regular scissors. Surgical scissors come in many shapes and varieties. They can be made from materials such as stainless steel or titanium. They also come in varieties depending on their use such as bandage scissors, dissecting scissors, operating scissors, stitch scissors, plastic surgery scissors etc.
Surgical retractors
Retractors hold back underlying organs and tissues so that the parts under the incision may be operated. They also separate the sides of a surgical cut. They are available in many shapes and sizes. They are important because they expose hidden areas and have a tight grip, allowing the surgeon to work easily on a particular section. There are two types of retractors. The first kind is a self-retaining retractor. This kind of retractor does not require an assistant to hold them in place. Instead they can be locked in place. Rib spreaders fall under this category because they hold the ribs apart and are locked in place during operations. The second kind is a hand-held retractor. These require an assistant to hold them. It must be held firmly and steadily by an assistant and expose the maximum area.
Surgical scalpels
Scalpels are extremely sharp knives used to cut and make incisions in a surgery. They are fine blades and require steady and fine cutting. Scalpels are composed of two parts: the handle and the blade. A surgeon must decide which blade is to be used in each surgery depending on the tissue that is to be cut. The blades are curved and angled for greater precision. They are made of specialized and specific materials such as obsidian, medical grade fine steel or a diamond knife blade.
And last but not least...
Autoclave
When you go to the hospital you want to be sure that the equipment and instruments being used are sterile. To ensure that this is the case, the hospital will use an autoclave. This is a type of machine that heats water to produce a pressurized steam that kills all germs on the instruments placed in it.
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grasp, grip
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držet pevně
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serrated
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zubatý, pilovitý
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tip
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špička
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sutures, stitches
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stehy
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spread
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roztáhnout
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firm, tight
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pevný
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blade
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čepel
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Surgical instruments.
Source: Glendinning, Howard, 2007.