Anglický jazyk
11.2.1 Wards in a hospital
Function
A hospital ward is an area or floor of a hospital in which patients with similar needs are placed together. The function of hospital wards is to keep similar patients together, either according to age, disease, or condition. An emergency ward, floor or unit, groups patients with immediate care needs, while a dialysis ward groups together patients receiving dialysis treatments.
Types
Some of the common types of wards found in hospitals include emergency rooms, maternity, pediatrics, psychiatric, geriatrics, oncology, wards for a specific organ such as the renal ward and dialysis ward and so on. Wards may also have different names from one hospital to another, with some hospitals referring to the maternity ward as the mother and baby unit.
Effects
Grouping together similar patients is an effective method of treating patients and cutting the costs of keeping the hospital running. If patients are just put in any available room, extra specialized equipment is necessary in order to ensure the that the equipment is available to each patient who would immediately need that device in an emergency. However, when similar patients are grouped together in the same area or ward, one or two devices can be placed nearby for patients who would need them in an emergency. In addition to cutting the cost of equipment, grouping together similar patients in hospital wards allows the hospital to employ specialists for each ward of the hospital. Employing ward specialists creates a better quality of care and keeps the necessary specialists also grouped in a specific area, meaning that care is more immediate than if specialists were all over the hospital.
Types of healthcare:
Outpatient: short visit to hospital that lasts one day at the most.
Inpatient: hospital visit that requires at least one night's stay on a ward.
Some usual wards:
Accident and emergency (A&E)
This department (sometimes called Casualty) is where you are likely to be taken if you called an ambulance in an emergency. It's also where you should come if you have had an accident, but can make your own way to hospital.
These departments operate 24 hours a day, every day and are staffed and equipped to deal with all emergencies.
Anaesthetics
Doctors in this department give anaesthetic for operations. They are responsible for the provision of acute pain services (pain relief after an operation), chronic pain services (pain relief in long-term conditions such as arthritis), critical care services (pain relief for those who have had a serious accident or trauma), and obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia (epidurals in childbirth and anaesthetic for caesarean sections).
Cardiology
This department provides medical care to patients who have problems with their heart or blood circulation. It treats people on an inpatient and outpatient basis. Typical procedures performed include electrocardiogram (ECG) and exercise tests to measure heart function, echocardiograms (ultrasound scan of the heart), 24-hour blood pressure tests, insertion of pacemakers, cardiac catheterisation (coronary angiography) to see if there are any blocks in your arteries etc.
Intensive or critical care, ICU – Intensive care unit
This unit is for the most seriously ill patients. It has a relatively small number of beds and is staffed by specialist doctors and nurses, as well as by consultant anaesthetists, physiotherapists and dietitians. Patients requiring intensive care are often transferred from other hospitals or from other departments in the same hospital.
Diagnostic imaging
Formerly known as X-ray, this department provides a full range of diagnostic imaging services including general radiography (X-ray scans), ultrasound scans, angiography (X-ray of blood vessels), CT scanning (scans that show cross-sections of the body), MRI scanning (3D scans using magnetic and radio waves) etc.
Ear, nose and throat (ENT)
The ENT department provides care for patients with general ear, nose and throat diseases, and also cancers of the head and neck area, tear duct problems, balance and hearing disorders, snoring and sleep apnoea, ENT allergy problems, salivary gland diseases, voice disorders etc.
Gastroenterology
Run by consultants specialising in bowel-related medicine, this department investigates and treats upper and lower gastrointestinal diseases, as well as diseases of the pancreas and bile duct system. This includes endoscopy and nutritional services. Endoscopy involves a small thin tube with a camera on the end. This is guided down the throat to investigate problems in your oesophagus and digestive system. Small surgical instruments can be guided down in the same way, meaning it can be used for diagnosis and treatment.
Sub-specialities include colorectal surgery, inflammatory bowel disease and swallowing problems.
General surgery
The general surgery ward covers a wide range of surgery, for example thyroid surgery, kidney transplants, colon surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal), and many other types. Day surgery units have a high turnover of patients who attend for minor surgical procedures such as hernia repairs.
Gynaecology
These departments investigate and treat problems of the female urinary tract and reproductive organs, such as endometritis, infertility and incontinence.
They also provide a range of care for cervical smear screening and post-menopausal bleeding checks.
Haematology
Haematology services work closely with the hospital laboratory. These doctors treat blood diseases and malignancies linked to the blood, with both new referrals and emergency admissions being seen.
Maternity departments and obstetrics ward
Women now have a choice of who leads their maternity care and where they give birth. Care can be led by a consultant, a GP or a midwife. Maternity wards provide antenatal care, care during childbirth and postnatal support. Antenatal clinics provide monitoring for both routine and complicated pregnancies.
Nephrology
This department monitors and assesses patients with kidney (renal) problems.
Nephrologists (kidney specialists) supervise the dialysis day unit for people who are waiting for a kidney transplant or who are unable to have a transplant for any reason.
Neurology
This unit deals with disorders of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. It's run by neurologists and their staff. There are also paediatric neurologists who treat children. Neurologists may also be involved in clinical research and clinical trials.
Specialist nurses (epilepsy, multiple sclerosis) connect with patients, consultants and GPs to help with any problems that may occur between outpatient appointments.
Oncology
This department provides radiotherapy and a full range of chemotherapy treatments for cancerous tumours and blood disorders.
Staffed by specialist doctors and nurses trained in oncology (cancer care), it has close links with surgical and medical teams in other departments.
Orthopaedics
Orthopaedic departments treat problems that affect your musculoskeletal system. That is the muscles, joints, bones, ligaments, tendons and nerves. The doctors and nurses who run this department deal with everything from setting bone fractures to carrying out surgery to correct problems such as torn ligaments and hip replacements.
Urology
The urology department is run by consultant urology surgeons and their surgical teams. It investigates all areas linked to kidney and bladder-based problems. The department performs flexible cystoscopy bladder checks, prostate assessments and biopsies, shockwave lithotripsy to break up kidney stones etc.
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pain relief
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úleva od bolesti
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insertion
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vložení, zavedení
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imaging
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zobrazování
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cross-section
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průřez
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tear duct
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slzný kanálek
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snoring
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chrápání
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guide down
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zavádět
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turnover
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obrat
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cervical smear
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stěr z děložního čípku
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clinical trial
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klinický test
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appointment
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schůzka, kontrola
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full range
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široký rozsah
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